1成果简介

本文,山东大学王延相 教授、刘东明 教授在《Carbon》期刊发表名为“N-doped FeCoNi/MoS2@cnts/cnfs aerogels with magnetic-dielectric synergy for heat insulation, infrared stealth, and electromagnetic wave absorption”的论文,研究为开发多功能微波吸收材料,通过定向冷冻干燥与催化化学气相沉积(CCVD)技术,将FeCoNi和MoS₂锚定于气凝胶骨架上,成功合成了FeCoNi/MoS₂@碳纳米管(CNTs)/碳纳米纤维(CNFs)气凝胶。 通过CCVD技术,成功构建了多样化的异质界面,并引入了含缺陷的碳纳米管,从而改善了碳基气凝胶的阻抗失配问题,同时实现了卓越的微波吸收性能。该复合气凝胶在填料含量13%时,厚度1.85 mm时实现最低反射损耗-84.18 dB,厚度1.75 mm时获得5.40 GHz有效吸收带宽。其卓越的电磁波吸收能力主要归因于三维导电网络的形成、丰富的异质界面以及磁损耗的引入。密度泛函理论计算进一步揭示:介电性能增强源于异质界面(FeCoNi–C与MoS₂–C)的不对称电荷分布,该分布放大界面极化效应;同时态密度增高优化了导电损耗。此外,该复合气凝胶还展现出卓越的隔热性能与红外隐身特性。本研究开创了基于化学气相沉积法制备多功能气凝胶的新途径。 2图文导读

图1. (A) The preparation flow of FeCoNi/MoS2@CNTs/CNFs aerogels. (b) XRD pattern, (c) Raman spectra, and (d) hysteresis loops of as-prepared samples. XPS high-resolution of (e) Fe 2p, (f) Cp 2p, (g) Ni 2p, (h) Mo 3d, (i) C 1s, and (j) N 1s in FCNSC2.

图2. (A) EDS mappings of FCNSC series aerogels. SEM images of (b) FCNSC1, (c) FCNSC2, and (d) FCNSC3. (e–h) TEM images and (i) corresponding EDS element mappings of FCNSC2.

图3. The three-dimensional RL and the corresponding two-dimensional EAB mapping of (a) FCNC, (b) FCNSC1, (c) FCNSC2, and (d) FCNSC3. (e–h) Zr values of as-fabricated samples. The comparison of (i) RL and (j) EAB values of FCNC, FCNSC1, FCNSC2, and FCNSC3. (k) The comparison between FCNSC2 and previously reported EMW absorption materials.

图4. (A) The ɛ′ values, (b) the ɛ″ values, (c) dielectric loss tangents (tanδε), (d) α values, (e) Cole-cole plots, (f) the relationship between of ɛ′ and ɛ″/f, (g–j) the ɛc″ and ɛp″ values, (k) the μ′ values, and (l) the μ″ values of FCNC and FCNSC serious aerogels.

图5. (A) Three-dimensional RCS values of PEC layers coated with FCNC, FCNSC1, FCNSC2, and FCNSC3. (b) RCS values and (c) RCS reduction values of as-prepared aerogels. (d) electromagnetic field intensity distribution, and (e) power loss density of FCNSC2. Simulation results for heterogeneous structures, differential charge maps, DOS, and ELF of (f) FeCoNi–C and (g) MoS2–C.

图6. The EMW absorption mechanisms of FCNSC series aerogels.

图7. (A) Infrared thermal images of FCNSC series aerogels on the constant temperature heating plate of 150 °C and (b) the corresponding temperature–time curve. Temperature–time curves on the heating plate of (c) 100 °C and (d) 50 °C. (e) Thermal infrared image of aerogel placed on the arm. (f and g) Comparison of the burning state of cotton under alcohol lamp heating in the aerogel protected group. (h–j) Compression test. 3小结 本研究通过水热处理、定向冷冻干燥及化学气相沉积法合成了FeCoNi/MoS₂@CNTs/CNFs复合气凝胶,系统探究了FeCoNi与MoS₂对电磁波吸收特性的影响。借助密度泛函理论计算,全面阐明了该复合气凝胶的吸收机理。气凝胶的多孔结构促进入射电磁波的多重反射与散射,延长传播路径并增强能量耗散。碳包覆的FeCoNi与MoS₂之间的异质界面诱导出非均匀电荷分布与空间偶极矩,从而促进界面极化损耗。由互联碳组分构成的三维导电网络加速电荷转移,产生显著的导电损耗。此外,异质结构中的晶格缺陷放大偶极子与缺陷诱导的极化损耗,而磁性FeCoNi组分则引入额外磁损。值得注意的是,该复合气凝胶在1.85毫米厚度下实现最佳RLmin值为−84.18 dB,在1.75毫米厚度下达到5.40 GHz的有效吸收带宽,展现出卓越的电磁波吸收性能。CST仿真进一步验证了其雷达截面积(RCS)抑制能力,最低RCS值达−50.9 dB m²。除电磁波吸收外,该气凝胶凭借多孔结构展现出卓越的隔热性能与红外隐身特性,同时具备优异的抗压强度。本研究开创性地建立了高性能多功能碳气凝胶的设计路径,将电磁波吸收、热管理、机械耐久性与红外伪装功能集成于一体,满足复杂应用环境的需求。 文献:

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