1成果简介

水系可充电锌-碘电池(ZIBs)在大型电网储能系统中展现出显著潜力。然而,热稳定性差、“穿梭效应”以及碘的低电导率等挑战阻碍了其实际应用。本文,湖南大学陈小华 教授团队在《ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering》期刊发表名为“Three-Pronged Approach Enhances Porous Carbon Spheres for High-Performance Aqueous Zinc–Iodine Batteries”的论文,研究通过合成普鲁士蓝类似物衍生出的氧功能化氮掺杂多孔碳球(ONCs)。ONCs作为碘的高效宿主材料,可实现高性能ZIBs。 这些ONCs由于氮掺杂和独特的介孔/微孔主导的孔结构,展现出对碘化物的高效包覆和吸附性能。特别地,氧功能化基团通过增强电极亲水性、离子传输以及I2/I–氧化还原动力学,同时作为可逆H/Zn+2+存储的活性位点,从而提升容量。I₂@ONC正极在0.5 A g⁻¹下实现245 mAh g⁻¹的高容量,并在5 A g⁻¹下经过8000次循环后仍保持74%的初始容量。本研究为高性能水系ZIBs提供了合理的宿主材料设计策略。 2图文导读

图 1. (a) Synthesis, (b) TEM image, (c) high-magnification TEM image of pore structures, and (d) nitrogen adsorption–desorption isotherms and corresponding pore size distribution curves of ONCs.

图2. (a) XRD patterns, (b) Raman spectra, and (c) FTIR spectra of the ONCs and CoCs. High-resolution XPS spectra of ONCs: (d) C 1s, (e) O 1s, and (f) N 1s. (g) Nitrogen adsorption–desorption isotherms and pore size distribution curves of I2@ONCs. (h) The I 3d high-resolution XPS spectra of I2@ONCs. (i) TGA curves of I2@ONCs and ONCs under N2 atmosphere.

图3. (a) Schematic diagram of the I2@ONCs cathode in the ZIB. (b) CV curves of I2@ONCs and I2@CoCs cathodes at a scanning rate of 0.5 mV s–1. (c) CV curves of the I2@ONCs cathode over multiple cycles. (d) GCD profiles of I2@ONCs and I2@CoCs cathodes at 0.5 A g–1. (e) Nyquist plots of the I2@ONCs and I2@CoCs cathode. (f) Rate performance of the I2@ONCs and I2@CoCs cathodes. (g) GCD profiles of the I2@ONCs cathode at different current densities.

图4. Cyclic performances of I2@ONCs and I2@CoCs cathodes in a ZIB at current densities of (a) 0.5 A g–1 and (b) 5 A g–1. (c) CV curves of the I2@ONCs cathode in ZIB at different scan rates. (d) Linear fitting of peak current versus the square root of scan rates. (e) log (I, current density) versus log (ν, scanning rate) plots for peaks in CV curves from (c).

图5. (a) Cyclic performance of ONCs and CoCs cathodes at 0.5 A g–1. The SEM images of the I2@ONCs cathode at fully (b) discharged and (c) charged states. (d) The map sum spectrum of the I2@ONCs cathode at fully discharged states; the inset displays the corresponding EDS elemental maps. (e) XRD patterns of the I2@ONCs cathode at different states. (f) High-resolution C 1s XPS spectra of the I2@ONCs cathode in the ZIB at different states. 3小结 在此,我们成功设计了一种简便且可扩展的方法,用于合成比表面积为184.3 m² g⁻¹且具有以微孔和介孔为主的独特多孔结构的ONCs。这些多孔碳球被用作碘封装的有效载体,并应用于ZIBs中,对有效碘负载量和离子传输具有显著影响。ONCs中的氮掺杂可提升电子导电性和碘化物的吸附能力。接枝在碳骨架上的氧官能团显著提高了ONCs的亲水性,从而促进了电极与电解质的接触。这种优异的润湿性加速了离子传输和氧化还原反应动力学,导致I2@ONC阴极的倍率性能得到提升。令人印象深刻的是,I2@ONC正极中的氧官能团为质子和Zn2+的可逆存储提供了活性位点,从而在充放电循环中贡献了额外容量。ZIB(I2@ONC正极)在0.5 A g–1的电流密度下实现了245 mAh g–1的高比容量。该电池即使在5 A g–1的高电流密度下仍能达到139 mAh g–1的比容量,且在8000次循环后仍保持103 mAh g–1的容量,容量保持率为74%,表明其具有良好的长期稳定性。本研究有效整合了氮掺杂策略与氧官能团接枝于具有介孔/微孔主导多孔结构的碳球上的优势,为碘的负载开辟了有前景的途径。制备的电极在ZIB体系中展现出优异的导电性和离子扩散速率。 文献: 
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